IMPACTO DE LOS ACUERDOS COMERCIALES INTERNACIONALES EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO GLOBAL

Abstract

This article examines the impact of international trade agreements (ICAs) on global economic growth. Based on classic and new theories of international trade, it discusses how ICAs facilitate increased trade and investment, economic diversification, GDP growth, and technology transfer. Through a quantitative analysis using data from the World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, the relationship between ICA participation and GDP growth is assessed. In addition, detailed case studies of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA/USMCA), the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and the European Union (EU) are presented to illustrate the specific effects of ICAs in different regions. The results show that countries that actively participate in ICA tend to experience more robust economic growth, although the benefits are not always evenly distributed. The conclusions highlight the need for complementary policies to maximize the benefits of ICAs and mitigate their negative effects, promoting sustainable and equitable economic development.